SMS Models
| SMS Models RMA2 RMA4 FESWMS TUFLOW ADCIRC CMS Flow CMS Wave STWAVE BOUSS-2D CGWAVE |
SMS provides pre- and post- processing for several numeric models. These models are developed and maintained by government or commercial entities rather than the developers of SMS.
The numerical models to the right are currently supported in SMS. Each model is included with the SMS installation (model executable files and documentation) and is fully linked with the SMS software.
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 RMA2 Model |
| RMA2 is a finite element, hydrodynamic model for 2D subcritical flow analysis. It is part of the TABS analysis package maintained by the USACE Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC). |
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| RMA4 Model |
| RMA4 is a water quality model used to simulate advection-diffusion processes used in an aquatic environment. As a component of the TABS-MD suite of models, RMA4 utilizes flow fields generated by RMA2 to track constituent transport. |
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| FESWMS Model |
| The FESWMS-FST2DH is a hydrodynamic model that supports both super and subcritical flow analyses, including area wetting and drying. Developed by Dr. Dave Froelich PE in partnership with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), FESWMS is specifically suited for modeling flow control structures such as those encountered at the intersection of roadways and waterways. FST2DH also has the capability to simulates movement of non-cohesive sediment in rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters. |
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| TUFLOW Model |
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TUFLOW is a computational engine that provides two-dimensional (2D) and one-dimensional (1D) solutions of the free-surface flow equations to simulate flood and tidal wave propagation. It is specifically beneficial where the hydrodynamic behaviour in coastal waters, estuaries, rivers, floodplains and urban drainage environments have complex 2D flow patterns that would be awkward to represent using traditional 1D network models. |
| A powerful feature of TUFLOW is its 2D/1D dynamic linking, first pioneered in 1990, and subsequently enhanced to the point where it offers unparalleled flexibility and robustness. |
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TUFLOW continues to develop and evolve to meet the challenges of hydrodynamic modelling. Its strengths include:
It is suited to modelling flooding in major rivers through to complex overland and piped urban flows, along with estuarine and coastal hydraulics. |
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| ADCIRC Model |
| The ADvanced CIRCulation model (ADCIRC), is a two-dimensional, depth-integrated, barotropic time-dependent long wave, hydrodynamic circulation model. ADCIRC can be applied to computational domains encompassing the deep ocean, continental shelves, coastal seas, and small-scale estuarine systems for simulations that require months to years time. In a single simulation, ADCIRC can provide tide and storm surge elevations and velocities corresponding to each node over a very large domain encompassing regional domains such as the western North Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. |
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| CMS-FLOW Model |
| The hydrodynamic circulation model CMS-Flow (formerly known as M2D) is a two-dimensional, finite-difference numerical approximation of the depth-integrated continuity and momentum equations. Cells are defined on a staggered, rectilinear grid and can have constant or variable side lengths. The momentum equations are solved in a time-stepping manner first, followed by solution of the continuity equation, in which the updated velocities calculated by the momentum equations are applied. Features of the model include robust flooding and drying, wave-stress forcing, wind-speed dependent (time-varying) wind-drag coefficient, variably-spaced bottom friction coefficient, efficient grid storage in memory, and the convenience, through control statements, of independently turning on or off the advective terms, mixing terms, nonlinear continuity terms, and flooding and drying calculations. Hydrodynamic forcing capabilities are: water level, tidal constituents, flow-rate, wave stresses, and wind. |
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| CMS-WAVE Model |
| CMS-Wave (formerly known as WABED) is a 2-D wave spectral transformation (phased-averaged) model (Mase and Kitano 2000; Mase 2001; Mase et al. 2005). It is a phase-averaged model, which neglects changes in the wave phase in calculating wave and other nearshore processes from the output wave information. This class of wave models represents changes that occur only in thewave energy (action) density. Isobe (1998) and Panchang and Demirbilek (1998) have reviewed different types of wave prediction models for offshore and coastal engineering applications. Because phase-averaged energy (action) balance models neglect wave phase, they cannotdirectly predict wave diffraction and reflection caused by bathymetric features and structures. However, these effects may be incorporated in such models in approximate ways. For example, wave diffraction has been approximated in the STWAVE model as a form of diffusion (Smith et al. 1999), whereas wave reflection is omitted. Various methods have been investigated over the last 60 years to include diffraction and reflection in wave models (e.g., Penney and Price 1952; Rivero et al. 1997a, 1997b; Yu et al. 2000; and Holthuijsen et al. 2004). |
| The CMS-Wave model contains theoretically developed approximations for both wave diffraction and reflection and, therefore, is suitable for conducting wave simulations at coastal inlets. Successful performance of CMS-Wave has resulted in its inclusion in CIRP’s CMS. CIRP has improved model efficiency to minimize CMS-Wave run time, developed implementation of the model inside the Surface-water Modeling System (SMS), and added new capabilities to the model for calculation of wave radiation stresses for wave-induced current, and wave-generation-growth. CMS-Wave is implemented in the CMS through the (ERDC/CHL CHETN-III-73 July 2006) SMS, and input files are similar to those for the existing spectral model STWAVE (Smith et al. 1999) in the SMS. |
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| CMS-Wave employs a forward-marching, finite-difference method to solve the wave action conservation equation. Capabilities of the model include wave shoaling, refraction, diffraction, forward reflection, depth-limited breaking, dissipation, and wave-current interaction (Mase 2001; Mase et al. 2005). Wave diffraction is implemented by adding a diffraction term derived from the parabolic wave equation to the energy-balance equation. The model operates on a coastal half-plane so primary waves can propagate only from the seaward boundary toward shore. If the seaward reflection option is activated, the model will also perform backward marching for seaward reflection after the forwarding-marching calculation is completed. |
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| STWAVE Model |
| STWAVE is a steady-state, finite difference, spectral model based on the wave action balance equation. STWAVE simulates depth-induced wave refraction and shoaling, current-induced refraction and shoaling, depth- and steepness-induced wave breaking, diffraction, wave growth because of wind input, and wave-wave interaction and white capping that redistribute and dissipate energy in a growing wave field. The purpose of STWAVE is to provide an easy-to-apply, flexible, and robust model for nearshore wind-wave growth and propagation. Recent upgrades to the model include wave-current interaction and steepness-induced wave breaking. STWAVE is written by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station (USACE-WES). The method of analysis used by the STWAVE code along with the file formats and input parameters are described in the STWAVE documentation. SMS supports both pre- and post-processing for STWAVE. |
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| BOUSS-2D Model |
| BOUSS-2D is a comprehensive numerical model for simulating the propagation and transformation of waves in coastal regions and harbors based on a time-domain solution of Boussinesq-type equations. The governing equations are uniformly valid from deep to shallow water and can simulate most of the phenomena of interest in the nearshore zone and harbor basins including shoaling/ refraction over variable topography, reflection/diffraction near structures, energy dissipation due to wave breaking and bottom friction, cross-spectral energy transfer due to nonlinear wave-wave interactions, breaking-induced longshore and rip currents, wave-current interaction and wave interaction with porous structures. Many processes at inlets and harbors can be studied using BOUSS-2D. |
| BOUSS-2D can be applied to a wide variety of coastal and ocean engineering problems, including complex wave transformation over small coastal regions (1-5 km), wave agitation and harbor resonance studies, wave breaking over submerged obstacles, breaking-induced nearshore circulation patterns, wave-current interaction near tidal inlets, infra-gravity wave generation by groups of short waves, and wave transformation around artificial islands. |
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| CGWAVE Model |
| CGWAVE (Panchang & Xu 1995) is a 2D finite element model based on the elliptic mild-slope wave equation. It is similar to wave models HARBD (Chen and Mei 1974) and PHAROS (Kostense et al. 1986). CGWAVE can simultaneously simulate the effects of refraction, diffraction, reflections by bathymetry and structures, dissipation due to friction and breaking, and nonlinear amplitude dispersion. The computational capabilities of CGWAVE model permit the modeling of large coastal regions. The governing equations of CGWAVE pass, in the limit, to the deep and shallow water equations, making this model applicable to a wide range of frequencies, including short wind waves, swell, and infra-gravity waves. |
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